Estudio de seroprevalencia de diarrea viral bovina, en el cantón santa rosa por medio de enzyme linked inmunosorbent assay (elisa)

Abstract

Bovine Viral Diarrhea is a disease that is found worldwide in all livestock being the main cause of major economic losses, as it significantly affects the reproduction of animals and is easily disseminated. The etiological agent is a Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae belonging to an RNA virus with a protein nucleocapsid surrounded by a phospholipid membrane with structural and non-structural proteins. The virus can be transmitted vertically and horizontally by direct and indirect means, the indirect form being the primary source of infection transmitted by infected animals, fomites, transplacental or seminal fluids. The objective of this research is to determine the presence of BVD through the application of Elisa's method in samples obtained from livestock in Canton Santa Rosa. The present research work was carried out in Canton Santa Rosa of the Province of El Oro, being carried out in two stages, Stage I took place in the 3 dairy farms located in Canton Santa Rosa. The farms "Nicvanna" located at 1km Via Puerto Jeli with its coordinates 3º25'49.6''S - 79º59'00.3''W, "Las Lomas" located Via la Troncal de la Costa, 2 km before the restaurant Campestre with the coordinates 3º30'10.6''S - 79º58'53''W, "Karfel" located Via Bella María, near Estero Medina with geographical coordinates 3º28'11.7''S - 79º55'57,6''W. Stage II was carried out in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala. The methodology of this work was to collect 145 samples from the 3 cattle farms with a total population of 150 heads of cattle, from Canton Santa Rosa, considering animals that presented or not symptoms of possible infection in them were milking cows, dry cows, heifers and calves. The samples were collected in the tubes vacutainer red cap 10 ml and were transported in cold chain with gels to the facilities of the University for its later centrifugation and separation the serum was stored until finishing the total of animals. The ELISA immunoenzymatic technique was performed using a commercial Kit CIVTEST BOVIS BVD/BD P80 of the HIPRA brand. The kit is based on a blocking Elisa because it is designed to detect antibodies against a specific protein present in BVD strains (PNE p80), the principle of the test is to discriminate the presence as positive result (no coloration) or absence as negative result (appearance of yellow color). The variables of the present investigation were sick animals (positive, positive low, negative low and negative), race (mestizo, Brahamn mestizo, Brown Swiss, Holstein, Gyr), age (0-1.4 years; 1.5-5.4 years; 5.5-12 years), vaccination of the animal (vaccinated and unvaccinated) and sex (female and male). The present investigation gave as a result a total of 16 positive animals to the presence of antibodies of bovine viral diarrhea representing 11.04% of the total sampled, considered as positive whereas the Negatives are 129 animals represented with 88.97%. The present investigation is concluded with the determination of the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Canton Santa Rosa through the technique of Elisa (Enzyme Linked Inmunosorbent Assay). It is recommended to manage, vaccinate and expand this type of research because of its importance in the whole province and the determination of the virus by molecular support techniques.