Evaluación de los cambios hematológicos presentados en caninos con tumores cutáneos sometidos a tratamiento en la ciudad de Machala

Abstract

Currently, in veterinary medicine, cancer represents a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic problem; often because it is not relevant from a clinical point of view, or because many people see cancer as a problem without a solution. Many publications mention that the main tumors presented in canines are those of the skin and mammary glands, being the skin tumors the most presented, followed by those of the mammary glands, representing 25% to 30% of the total neoplasms. Exact figures for the presentation of these tumours are unknown, but there are estimates indicating that one in ten dogs may develop a tumour in their lifetime. Haematological evaluation in veterinary medicine is currently of great importance, as it is low cost and serves as a guide in the different diagnoses of pathologies. There are several hematological alterations of paraneoplastic nature, depending on the type of tumor, but there is very little information in veterinary medicine that relates the staging or type of tumor with these alterations. The present research work was carried out in the clinic of veterinary specialties of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, in the province of El Oro. The objective of the study was to evaluate the hematological changes presented in canines with cutaneous tumors submitted to treatments, by means of hematic biometry. For this purpose, blood samples were taken before and after 15 days of the treatment of the patients who came to the consultation, because they presented evident masses in their body and they were diagnosed through cytology as malignant or benign cutaneous tumors. A sample of 7 canines was obtained between males and females with tumors in different parts of their body, of which 6 underwent surgery (tumor resection) and one underwent chemotherapy. Blood samples were taken from the jugular and cephalic veins in 1 ml minicollect with EDTA and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The hematological variables studied were: red line (RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, VCM, HCM, Reticulocytes), white line (WBC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes), platelets (MVP, PDW), in addition to general variables such as race, age, weight, sex, type of tumor, treatment. The results obtained by means of descriptive statistics grouped by cell lines were: (before) red line a mean of RBC 5,23; Hgb 11,16; Hct 34,19; VCM 66,04; HCM 21,39; Reticulocytes 1,2; after applying treatment: RBC 5,17; Hgb 10,8; Hct 33,31; VCM 65,27; HCM 22,51; Reticulocytes 1,3. In the white line (before) a mean of WBC 13.03; Lymphocytes 3.95; Monocytes 0.8; Granulocytes 8.25; after applying treatment a mean of WBC 16.8; Lymphocytes 3.69; Monocytes 0.64 was obtained; Granulocytes 12.43; in platelets before treatment a mean of 105.86; MVP 10.76; PDW 15.53; After treatment a mean of 128.29 was obtained in platelets; MVP 11.36; PDW 15.76. It was determined that hematological changes in canine patients with cutaneous tumors undergoing treatment presented hematological variability before and after treatment, finding in many of them changes of clinical significance, as in the red line, with 87.5% with light/moderate normochromic normochromic non-regenerating anemia, while 14.3% presented a normal hematocrit value before treatment. In the platelet line, patterns such as thrombocytopenia are observed in 100% of patients before treatment and 85.7% after treatment of patients and a value of 14.28 % of thrombocytopenia in the rest of patients after treatment. In the white line, no repeated hematimetric patterns were observed in patients with tumors. It is recommended to continue with related research in the area of oncology of cutaneous tumors in canines, because there is very little information on this subject.