Enfermedades causadas por pseudohongos del phylum oomycota en el cultivo de mango y sus estrategias de control

Abstract

Mango (Mangifera indica L.), known as "King of fruits", is a fruit popular in tropical and subtropical areas, belongs to the genus Mangifera, which is composed of numerous species of tropical fruits in the family Anacardiaceae and is native to India and Southeast Asia where it has been cultivated for over 4000 years. Today, mangos are also grown in Central America, Africa, Australia and Europe. It is produced in large quantities and is highly accepted by consumers. Today, mango production takes place in more than 115 countries. The global mango area is approximately 5.41 million ha and its global production is 42.66 million metric tons. Currently, mango is one of the five most important fruit crops along with bananas, oranges, grapes and apples, mango can be attacked by a series of pathogenic fungi that cause various diseases in all physiological stages being necessary to determine the species of plant pathogens which is key to prior control and quarantine, and also to assess its potential threat to crops. There are several control methods, including biological control, because in agriculture, it is urgent to produce alternative biological products to control plant diseases. These alternative products should have preferable characteristics, such as new modes of action, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability and target specificity. These include Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria bassiana.