Incidencia de la dislexia en el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Bolivia Benítez periodo académico 2018

Abstract

Dyslexia is a language disorder that hinders the learning of reading and writing and involves problems in the de-coding of grammatical structures resulting from poor phonological processing. Teachers facing the challenges of the 21st century have to be prepared to face various situations that arise in the classroom. In this sense, the knowledge of methodological strategies to deal with dyslexia is essential in teaching, to know what dyslexia is about, what its causes are, how to detect it, and what measures will be considered to improve teaching, are some of the most worrying challenges. It is important to mention that school performance is directly affected by the lack of pedagogical intervention on the part of teachers in the face of learning difficulties, specifically dyslexia. Most children are considered unintelligent, which significantly affects their emotional and psychological development in addition to fear of school, hatred of subjects and dropping out of school. For this reason, this research project is aimed at determining the incidence of dyslexia in the school performance of students of the Unidad Educativa Bolivia Benítez in the city of Machala, with the aim of solving the present problem in our province. The methodology assumed in the research is qualitative-quantitative based on the statistical method, since the survey technique was applied to 9 teachers of the Unidad Educativa Bolivia Benítez, and the grades of 24 students with dyslexia were analyzed. Qualitative techniques and instruments were also implemented, such as direct observation of children with dyslexia in the classroom and interviews with the psychologist and director of the institution. As a result, the teachers of the "Bolivia Benítez" Educational Unit have difficulties teaching children with dyslexia. The lack of knowledge of methodological strategies, the lack of time in the educational day, the large number of students per classroom, and the lack of interest on the part of parents are just some of the situations that affect the integral development of children with dyslexia, especially in school performance. Faced with the needs detected in the diagnosis of the problem, a methodological guide aimed at the teachers of the "Bolivia Benítez" Educational Unit is proposed as an alternative solution with the objective of strengthening the knowledge of innovative methodological strategies that allow improving the teaching-learning process in children with dyslexia, whose proposal is innovative and feasible to be applied since the technical, economic and social requirements respond to the needs presented by the Institution. Finally, learning difficulties are a challenge for educators today, which can be converted into significant achievements with the ongoing training of teachers, the commitment of institutions and the responsibility of parents, benefiting the entire educational community.