Control interno de las cuentas por cobrar y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de la compañía Asotecom S.A, periodo 2017.

Abstract

In this research work aims to analyze the internal control of accounts receivable from the company "Asotecom SA" of the city of Machala for the period 2017 - 2018, the type of research that was applied is quantitative because it allowed us to measure with precision the reality of the company through the application of the financial ratios it was possible to verify the reduction of liquidity due to the fact that the portfolio of collections grows day due to the lack of an existing internal control in this area, with the qualitative research observe and feel the reality of the financial statements, processes, norms that were applied and be able to understand the magnitude of the problem, because there is no manual of credit policies that allow clients to be evaluated before granting them a credit and thus avoid that the portfolio increases and that there are short and long-term effects such as lack of resources to buy merchants and, excessive spending, bibliographic research was also applied, because it allowed us to reinforce the knowledge and through field observation helped us to feel the reality of the financial statements that were compared with the results obtained with trials, journals, scientific articles related to the problematic of the company and allowed us to argue the theoretical, legal framework and the interpretation of results. The methodology applied was the empirical method through the use of the technique of direct observation, which allowed us to analyze the irregular behavior of the accounts receivable processes, because there is no internal control manual where they specify policies and procedures for collections of this item that affects the profitability of the company. The qualitative method allowed us to verify the auditing standards, through the evolution of the internal control of the accounts receivable, based on the COSO I method, with the help of an internal control questionnaire of the accounts receivable, it was verified that the The company has a 33.33% confidence level considered low and a risk level of 66.67% moderate, according to the rating table. The results obtained in the company show that it does not have an integrated internal control manual, which facilitates decision making, control - efficiency in daily activities in the credit and collection department, which has affected profitability of the company, for which a design of an internal control manual for accounts receivable is recommended, which allows to concretely quantify and evaluate the performance of the activities carried out within the company, which will guarantee the fulfillment of the objectives and goals of it. For this reason, the application of an efficient internal control manual that allows protecting resources from fraud, waste or improper use is of vital importance. It should be emphasized that the company must have a slightly more sophisticated accounting system that allows it to provide the information of accounts receivable in a truthful and timely manner because this item constitutes one of the most significant revenues for the company. All the foregoing confirms, the degree of importance that the company has to have an efficient, effective, flexible and timely internal control manual that adapts to the needs of the business market and thus allows compliance with economic policies and standards of the company. A good internal control manual allows us to fully evaluate the general and specific processes carried out by the company and therefore improves the productivity, economy, effectiveness of the operations to achieve the objectives in consideration with the staff, minimizing the inherent risk in the activity of the company. The specific treatment that should be given to the internal control of accounts receivable, is of vital importance in the company, due to the object of study, since the values of the overdue portfolio, which are reflected are not optimal levels. Through the analysis of the results it was possible to generate the conclusions and recommendations so that in the future they do not have problems in profitability.