Impacto del sistema de preferencias arancelarias para los productos ecuatorianos de exportación hacia los Estados Unidos.

Abstract

The growth of globalization and technology has caused international trade to increase with the presence of goods and services demanded by consumers, becoming a key element for the social and economic development of nations. An important part of foreign trade are tariffs, which are the payments to which a product that wishes to enter a third country is subject, with the intention of protecting the local industry. However, developed countries have adopted tariff systems with the intention of favoring underdeveloped or developing nations to enter their products with zero tariffs. One is a these is the Generalized System of Preferences known as GSP. The GSP is one of the few trade policy instruments of the industrialized countries. Conceived to promote the growth of export earnings of developing countries. The basic principle is the granting of a preferential tariff treatment, consisting, in most cases, of an exemption - total or partial, from the payment of customs duties on "industrial" products (with certain exceptions) and on certain agricultural products from countries (beneficiaries). This treatment is subject to exceptions and conditions that generally vary from one scheme to another. At the same time, all these schemes share the common feature of having different types of safeguard clauses, designed to ensure that any significant or significant increase in imports of a given product, originating in one or more beneficiary countries, does not lead to a " disruption of the market "in the country that gives preference. The United States program dates back to the 1974 Trade Act. Under the GSP, the United States government selects a group of poor or developing countries and a set of products, and offers these countries tariffs. lower than normal than those applied to imports from other countries. For Ecuador, the GSP is a vitally important tool to increase non-oil exports to the United States, in turn the country, through its promotion agencies, can encourage the entrepreneur to undertake the realization of exportable products taking advantage of the validity of the system of tariff preferences. In February 2018 Ecuador negotiated with the United States the application of the GSP, which was approved by the House of Representatives to be valid until December 31, 2020. This situation causes satisfaction in the Ecuadorian export sector who can compete on equal terms with countries like Peru and Colombia that have free trade agreements whose products enter the North American market in better tariff conditions than the Ecuadorian, obtaining greater competitive advantages. The general objective of the research is to evaluate the impact on the renewal of the system of tariff preferences for Ecuadorian products exported to the United States. The research design was quantitative. The applied method was the descriptive one that is used to establish the characteristics of the investigation. The work is documentary type relying on primary and secondary sources to obtain statistical information by applying the bibliographic technique to access journals and scientific articles, books, portals of the Ministry of Foreign Trade. With the data obtained, the analysis and interpretation of the Tariff Preferences System was carried out, concluding that the SGP generated a positive impact by contributing to the increase in the export of non-oil products, having a favorable trade balance, contributing to industrial development , economic and social of the country.