Riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con hemofilia en el primer nivel de atención en salud

Abstract

Objective: To describe updated information with scientific evidence about cardiovascular risk in patients with hemophilia. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was made of scientific articles of indexed journals, obtained from databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, Medscape, UpToDate, which included multicenter, cross-sectional, cohort retrospective studies, in which male patients with hemophilia were analyzed from different groups of ages, with risk factors and cardiovascular comorbidities, compared with the general population. Results: Of the data provided by the different studies, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk in patients with hemophilia is equal to or greater than in the general population, among which are high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, obesity, dyslipidemia. In addition, patients with hemophilia have higher blood pressure levels than the general population, in any of the age groups, with or without antihypertensive treatment. Likewise, the risk of hypertension is 1.5 times higher in patients with moderate to severe hemophilia, compared with mild hemophilia. Conclusion: Although there is no established cause, hemophiliac patients are equally or more likely to present cardiovascular risks, especially high blood pressure levels, therefore it is necessary when evaluating patients with hemophilia, to take into account these cardiovascular risk factors, and to be able to implement adequate prevention from the first level of health care.