Factores de riesgo asociados a neumonia postoperatoria de cirugía torácica y abdominal en el adulto

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative pneumonia as the main intrahospital infection represents a mortality rate of 20% and 50% worldwide, placing it as the third cause of death in 2016. Risk factors such as advanced age, smoking, emergency surgery, general anesthesia, duration Surgery, prolonged ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay ≥ 15 days and the type of surgery, especially the thoracic and abdominal, are associated with a risk of respiratory infection. In Ecuador there are more than 50 million cases of pneumonia in adult patients in 2018. OBJECTIVES: To identify the main risk factors in postoperative pneumonia of thoracic and abdominal surgery in the adult patient through the review of updated literature. METHODS: A search of the bases of Pubmed, Academic Google, Medicine, Cochrane Plus, Elsevier, American Thoracic Society, British Medical Journal, Mexican Academy of Surgery and Measurement of Interests during the last 5 years related to postoperative pneumonia in adults. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of multiple risk factors can help to prevent pulmonary complications in surgical practice, to surgical care, to the development of perioperative strategies that help to avoid or reduce the risk of a respiratory infection.