Propuesta de un pavimento de concreto permeable para estacionamientos en zonas urbanas, que evite el estancamiento de aguas pluviales

Abstract

Permeable concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse aggregate, water and little or no fines and additives, due to the low amount of fine particles, which allows the rapid infiltration of water, for this reason, a design proposal was developed to parking in urban areas; with the purpose of reducing the stagnation of rainwater on the surface, in such a way that the water continues its natural path towards the aquifers and helps the natural water cycle, it also allows it not to exceed the capacity of the drainage systems and their Do not transport polluting waste, such as oil grease or other harmful chemicals. The research is experimental, it is developed from the methodology used by the author (Felipe and Castañeda), which analyzes the behavior of mixtures from different water cement realizations between 0.29 and 0.41 and their existing relationship between the content of voids, originally available in the aggregate and the final volumetric increase product of the inclusion of the paste to the mixture. The aforementioned will allow us to find the best dosage for the mixing design of a permeable concrete, for this purpose nine dosages were made, considering the following parameters; the size of the aggregate (three types of nominal maximum size 3/8 "and 3/4" of crushed material and 3/4 "of quarry from quarries of the Province of El Oro), the water / cement ratio (a / c of 0.35 - 0.38 and 0.41) and the percentage of voids (15 - 17 and 19%), seven cylinders of each dosage being elaborated as indicated by the ASTM C39 standard. The results obtained in the test of the compressive strength of the crushed material of 3/8 "is between 9.51 to 10.92 MPa, with a permeability of 1.31 to 1.98 cm / s and porosity of 26.66 to 33.68 . While the compressive strength of the crushed material of 3/4 "is between 7.64 to 9.34 MPa, with a permeability of 3.27 to 4.51 cm / s and porosity of 30.01 to 35.65% . Finally, the compressive strength of the 3/4 "pebble material is between 9.11 to 12.45 MPa, with a permeability of 2.60 to 4.05 cm / s and porosity of 28.70 to 35, 82%. Obtaining results comprised between the range of 2.8-28 MPa, but with a low resistance for use in parking lots. For this reason it is recommended that to obtain a high strength, a percentage of fine material or as a last alternative additives be considered. At the end a dosage for the porous concrete pavement with crushed material of 3/8 ", 15% of voids and a water / cement ratio of 0.35 is proposed, obtaining as a result with a compressive strength of 10.92 MPa, permeability of 645 , 46 L / m2 / min and two alternatives are presented according to the final destination of the filtered water, the first a total infiltration system, which consists of the layer of the porous concrete pavement, a geotextile mesh to retain the material fine, a sub-base improves with granular material greater than 25 mm and the water goes directly to the subsoil. The second alternative is a partial infiltration system, where it is increased after the sub-base, a drainage pipe for the collection of infiltrated water and a percentage goes to the subsoil.