Estudios de factores de riesgo diagnóstico tratamiento y prevención de complicaciones de la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática

Abstract

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and irreversible progressive disease that belongs to the group of interstitial lung diseases, it mainly affects the male sex from the fifth decade of life, with an average age of diagnosis at 65 years, it's etiology remains unknown, however there are different predisposing factors such as genetics, smoking, environmental exposure and gastroesophageal reflux. Clinical manifestations, imaging studies and histopathology are key in its diagnosis. Currently, pirfenidone and nintedanib are the only drugs scientifically accepted for the treatment of this pathology. Objective: to identify the main risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the diagnosis and the most adequate therapeutic approach to avoid the complications of the disease. Methods: The methodology of the present work was carried out through the search of bibliographic reviews obtained from the different academic platforms and other pages of scientific importance, such as ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Pubmed, Medline, The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine and Google Scholar. Conclusion: The identification of risk factors and the early diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are essential to start prompt medical treatment as soon as possible; currently, the drugs recommended under scientific evidence include nintedanib, pirfenidone, which have been shown to decrease the fall in forced vital capacity, improve the patient's quality of life and reduce the progression of the disease.