Caracterización morfoagronómica y físico-química de 22 accesiones de vignas sp. pertenecientes al banco de germoplasma de la UTMACH

Abstract

They were studied and characterized 22 accessions of Vigna sp., collected in different cantons belonging to the province of El Oro – Ecuador; The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm "Santa Inés" of the UTMACH from the month of may to the month of december 2018. The main objective of the work was to evaluate the phenotypic diversity and nutritional quality of the accessions collected based on the data collection of twenty morfoagronómicos descriptors and six chemical physical descriptors. Plots were designed repeated with a planting of fifty plants for each accession in furrows separated of two meters by two meters. The morphoagronomic variables studied were: leaf length, leaf width, habit of plant growth, knots present per plant, color of the flower, curvature of the pod, pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod, tip position of the pod, tip orientation of the pod, shrinkage of the pod, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed weight, seed color, seed shape, color of the edge of the hilum of the seed and weight of 100 seeds; on the other hand, in terms of physical and chemical characterization, percentages of moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates and vegetable fiber contained in the seeds of each accession were determined. With the data obtained from the morphoagronomic characterization a multistage matrix was designed, to later standardize it and obtain a matrix of correlations with which a dendrogram based on similarity distances was generated, using the statistical program SPSS, resulting in five well-defined groups, which evidenced a high phenotypic diversity among the accessions studied; group 1 was found to be the most numerous with 15 accessions, mostly composed of fast-truncated truncated grains with similarity in pod and seed dimensions; the most distant and most variable group was group five, composed of a single accession called UTMACH 011, can be attributed to the average values higher in leaf length, nodes present per plant, length of pod and length of seed in comparison to the rest of accessions evaluated; group four was formed mostly by cream-colored accessions known as blackmouth, the other black-mouth accessions were found distributed in other groups; A principal component analysis (PCA) was also carried out, which allowed to establish the most discriminating descriptors to analyze the phenotypic diversity, these were knots per plant, color of the edge of the hilum and color of the seed. In the physical-chemical analysis the accession named UTMACH 007 showed a higher percentage of protein compared to the other accessions with a value of 24.34%, the accession UTMACH 018 the highest amount of humidity (66.04%), fat (3.20%) and carbohydrates (66.04%), UTMACH 016 the highest amount of fiber (33.31%) and UTMACH 020 a higher percentage of ash (7.66%). These materials are of great value in future breeding programs because of their promising agronomic characteristics of resistance to pests, droughts and high levels of production.