Determinación de la eficiencia de diferentes trampas para el control de picudo negro (cosmopolites sordidus g.) en banano orgánico

Abstract

Within Ecuador's agricultural production, banana cultivation is considered to be a driving force in the country's economy, provinces of Los Ríos, Guayas and El Oro standing out as the main producers of organic and conventional bananas. Before the positioning and demand in the market, organic bananas require compliance with established standards for their cultivation, their characteristic being the absence of chemical substances and / or solutions not allowed during their production cycle, which promotes the use of mechanical, etiological, biological alternatives for the control of pests and diseases. After the black sigatoka and the nematodes the third plague in the banana, causing losses that can go from 10% to 70% of the production, is the banana root borer which is invasive in organic banana plantations. Taking into consideration the foregoing, this research evaluated the efficiency of different traps for the control of Cosmopolites sordidus G., in an experimental area of four hectares, with a design of 4 blocks where 13 treatments were used completely at random, each one with 3 repetitions: T1 (Stump trap + Bauveria bassiana); T2 (Stump trap + Mountain Microorganisms); T3 (Stump tap + Picudin); T4 (Stump trap + Fruit essences Coco and pineapple); T5 (Sandwich Trap + Coco and Pineapple Fruit Essences); T6 (Sandwich Trap + Bauveria bassiana); T7 (Sandwich trap + Picudin); T8 (Sandwich Trap + Mountain Microorganism); T9 (Ramp Trap + Cosmolure® pheromone); T10 (Ramp trap + Fruit essences Coco and Pineapple); T11 (Ramp trap + Molasses); T12 (Ramp trap + Picudin); T13 (High Sandwich Trap + Picudin), the reading of the captured weevils was made at 24, 48 and 72 hours. This was done for 3 periods. Initially the study was based on the control of black weevils, but when a significant number of silky cane weevil were found it was extended, considering the importance of the damage that these insects cause to the crop. The factors evaluated were the number of weights captured by treatment, collection of weevils captured as a function of time (24, 48, 72 hours) and the economic analysis of the B / C ratio for both black weevil and picudo dashed. The T1 with an average of 19 weevils captured and based on the hours of reading was the most efficient treatment, the T3 also achieved a considerable average of 13 captures, while those of lower efficiency with an average of 1 capture were the T10 and the T12. Regarding the frequency of reading, the time of greatest capture of black weevils was evident at 72 hours. The T13 and T7 with an average of 48 and 36 captures respectively were found to be the most efficient in the capture of Metamasius hemipterus L., and the T11 of lower efficiency showed a greater capture of striped weevils at 24 H. Economically the treatments they are feasible for the control of black weevil and picudo striped in the organic production of banana (B / C> 1).