Aplicación de anestésico artesanal de aceite de clavo de olor (syzygium aromaticum) en vieja azul (andinoacara rivulatus)

Abstract

Aquaculture is the technique of production of aquatic organisms (fish, molluscs, crustaceans, algae, etc.) where different production techniques are used, each of which implies a modification of the natural habitat, exposing them to any change that may affect their status sanitary, decreasing its yield. The handling of fish is a very common practice in all of cultivation systems, but this activity can cause some stress in the animals which means weakening of the immune system, which can cause from some injury, such as the presence that some disease caused by the opportunistic pathogens that are always present in the environment, even causing massive mortality, representing economic losses to the producer. To try to mitigate this impact, it is very common to use commercial anesthetics, which are present in specific markets, from different origins, and may be of natural origin as synthetic, however its high commercial value, and its difficult to obtain them involve some economic efforts, which end of the crop represent a high cost. For this, alternatives are sought with materials available in the medium and those do not represent a high value and are safe both for the organisms and for the person who applies them. Clove is a plant with many medicinal benefits; one of its properties is anesthetic. For this reason, this work aims to develop an artisanal anesthetic with Syzygium aromaticum clove to reduce stress in fish, in the process of biometrics of fish. The artisan anesthetic was prepared by placing 100 g of clove in 200 ml of olive oil prepared in a bain-marie for 20 min and letting it rest for 60 days, and for its application 3 treatments were tested with a preparation ratio of (2.5 - 10). ) 6 ml of clove oil and 4 ml of Ethanol were taken. The doses tested were 1: 10 ml; 2: 5 ml; 3: 2.5 ml and a control applying an industrial anesthetic of clove oil prepared in a ratio of (1 ml of oil and 9 of ethanol) applying 5 ml, all these doses were diluted in one liter of water where the fish were placed; Once anesthetized, weight and height were taken, and for recovery it was performed in a tank with 4 liters and abundant aeration with an average oxygen of 7.7 ppm. The statistical analysis applied was Anova of a factor with a level of significance of p <0.05. In the results it was observed that using 10ml / L (6 ml of clove oil and 4 ml of industrial alcohol), induces the fish in a deep sedation in 97 seconds and with a recovery time of 100 seconds and does not represent difference significant regarding the control, concluding that this dose is the most suitable for its application in Old Blue (Andinoacara rivulatus) and in addition it was possible to appreciate that none of the concentrations caused mortality in the fish. Finally, the use of clove oil made by hand can be used to perform biometrics in fish and can be produced within the same production site with materials that are accessible in our market and represent a low cost compared to anesthetics industrials