Efectos adversos tardíos del tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana

Abstract

Introducction: The human immunodeficiency virus is the type of retrovirus that emerges in the bloodstream attacking TCD4 lymphocytes, which leads to imminent serological immunosuppression or AIDS acquired AIDS, which must be treated with antiretroviral therapy; however, this therapy leads to late adverse effects on target organs. Objectives: To identify the late adverse effects of antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with HIV, through the analysis of articles from indexed journals, to guide the PHC doctor. Identify which types of antiretroviral drugs cause the greatest side effects. Analyze which are the most vulnerable organs against the use of antiretrovirals. And, determine affectation in blood chemistry. Method: systematic review of scientific articles indexed in the last 5 years, which have been identified in the following websites or virtual libraries; Scielo, PUBMED, COCRHANE, DIALNET MEDLINE, and, Francis. In addition to protocols established by the Ministry of Health, current data and figures generated by WHO and PAHO. Conclusion: the late adverse effects of antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with HIV are; psychosis, Stevens Johnson syndrome, and liver problems, kidney stones, lipodystrophies (buffalo hump), and, heart rhythm failure. The antiretroviral drugs that cause the greatest late side effects are the NRTIs, and the NNRTIs. It was evidenced that the heart, kidney and liver; they are the most affected In addition to hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemias: low HDL-c, LDL-c, total cholesterol and elevated triglycerides.

Introducction: The human immunodeficiency virus is the type of retrovirus that emerges in the bloodstream attacking TCD4 lymphocytes, which leads to imminent serological immunosuppression or AIDS acquired AIDS, which must be treated with antiretroviral therapy; however, this therapy leads to late adverse effects on target organs. Objectives: To identify the late adverse effects of antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with HIV, through the analysis of articles from indexed journals, to guide the PHC doctor. Identify which types of antiretroviral drugs cause the greatest side effects. Analyze which are the most vulnerable organs against the use of antiretrovirals. And, determine affectation in blood chemistry. Method: systematic review of scientific articles indexed in the last 5 years, which have been identified in the following websites or virtual libraries; Scielo, PUBMED, COCRHANE, DIALNET MEDLINE, and, Francis. In addition to protocols established by the Ministry of Health, current data and figures generated by WHO and PAHO. Conclusion: the late adverse effects of antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with HIV are; psychosis, Stevens Johnson syndrome, and liver problems, kidney stones, lipodystrophies (buffalo hump), and, heart rhythm failure. The antiretroviral drugs that cause the greatest late side effects are the NRTIs, and the NNRTIs. It was evidenced that the heart, kidney and liver; they are the most affected In addition to hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemias: low HDL-c, LDL-c, total cholesterol and elevated triglycerides.