Determinación de la farmacocinética, farmacodinamia, signos clínicos, tratamiento y prevención para la intoxicación por warfarina en caninos

Abstract

Poisonings are one of the most common causes that occur in veterinary clinics. These can occur by accidental intake by the pet, or by the administration of medications or inappropriate products by the owner of the animal. The metabolism of the toxin also depends on some factors such as the age of the animal, the species, the route of absorption, the nutritional status, etc. Warfarin poisoning is one of the main emergencies in several countries of Latin America, since it is used as a rodenticide for the control of rodent pests, both inside and outside the urban area. Warfarin inhibits the production of vitamin K that is responsible for clot formation in conjunction with coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are dependent on vitamin K. A dog intoxicated with Warfarin has several symptoms such as pallor, dyspnea, collapse, paresis, seizures, internal bleeding or bruising. Vitamin K is synthesized in the small intestine; therefore, some antibiotics inhibit the production of this, causing antagonism. It is excreted in the urine and stool. The treatment for Warfarin intoxication includes the patient's history, followed by decontamination of the gastric conduit, which will depend on the patient's condition. A blood or plasma transfusion to recover the coagulation factors. And the administration of vitamin K to compensate for the inhibition of this production.