Afrontamiento y adaptación en paciente con cáncer de mama y la aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería

Abstract

Breast cancer is considered one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide, being the result of the malignant transformation of epithelial cells that form in the mammary gland. Breast cancer is an asymptomatic pathology until it develops when its evolution is remarkable it presents clinical signs. The objective of this case analysis is to apply the process of nursing care in patients with breast cancer valuing the coping and adaptation to oncological treatment. The problem found is breast cancer, which was evidenced in a patient of 45 years of age served in Solca of the city of Machala in the first semester of 2018. The type of research to use is the analytical method, it allows us to know more deeply the object of study; Thus, we will be able to analyse, describe and decompose its characteristics, causes and elements. In addition, instruments were used to collect information that were based on legal ethical aspects that helped to more easily provide the patient's medical history; This was the request for permits addressed to the oncological Hospital "Dr. Wilson Franco Cruz" Solca of the city of Machala, a preliminary draft was presented that framed the informed consent, request of the patient. As a result it was obtained that the patient through the conduct of different studies establishes a diagnosis of breast cancer (infiltrating ductal Carcinoma histological grade III with free sectional margins). The patient received as treatment bases: lumpectomy, lymphadenectomy, adjuvant treatment of chemotherapy. The initial ACT schema (doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide), which received four cycles, is maintained in the sixth cycle with Taxane schema (Paclitaxel or Docetaxel). According to data provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) between the years 2008 to 2012, the figures of the breast cancer diagnosis were increased to 20% referring to a 1,670,000 of new cases thus becoming the second most common cancer at the level World most frequently in women. The age range in which this pathology is most frequently developed is in women 35 years old at 54 years. We conclude that this type of cancer constitutes the second most frequent in Ecuador with an approximate of 75.5% according to current data between 2010 and 2014. The changes suffered by a patient diagnosed with breast cancer are multiple, including at the level, family, social, personal and above all emotional. Nursing staff interventions are a fundamental pillar when dealing with and accepting precarious situations that the patient is going through. For the valuation of nursing, the model of caller Roy was employed, which is based on the four aspects of coping and adaptation as they are; physiological function, role function, self-concept and interdependence. Nursing care plans are presented, prepared to contribute to patient improvement based on instruments such as NANDA, NOC, NIC; That provide strategies for a better coping and adaptation of their disease, in addition to using the format Place which is a systematic method, ordered and that monitors the administration of care provided by nursing, responding to the Actual or potential health alterations.