Proceso de atención de enfermería en un paciente pediátrico con Diabetes Mellitus tipo I

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type I is a chronic disease not transmissible more prevalent in the infant population, and its incidence is variable, so its treatment includes a healthy diet, physical activity, adequate medication with insulin and self-control. Its pathogenesis are involved genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes mellitus when not detected in time can lead to long-term complications such as dysfunction and failure of different organs, especially eye, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. Insulin is the hormone needed to convert sugar, starches and other foods into the energy needed for daily life, with the help of insulin therapy and other treatments, even children with type 1 diabetes can learn to control their Illness and have a long, healthy and happy life. Without enough insulin, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream instead of entering the cells. This accumulation of glucose in the blood is called hyperglycemia. The body is unable to use this glucose to get energy. This leads to symptoms of type 1 diabetes. Therefore, this investigative work is of great importance, it is considered in recent years that non-communicable diseases are a major health problem throughout the country and worldwide, affecting a high percentage of children from 5 to 10 years and adolescents. Presentation of the Case: A 12-year-old patient who enters the 18/10/2018 to pediatric emergency with medical diagnosis of insulin diabetes mellitus at the General Hospital IESS Machala. Vital signs: T° 36.8 ° C, FR: 20 rpm, FC: 120 LPM, SO2:98%, Weight: 45Kg and Size: 149cm. A The parent evaluation refers to presenting headache, vomiting, general malaise and poor glycemic control, which 2 years ago was diagnosed with DMT insulin. The child progresses effectively during his or her hospital stay. The child progressed effectively during his hospital stay and understood the proper care he has to take home. General Objective: To apply the nursing care process according to NANDA, NOC and NIC, through case analysis in a pediatric patient with type I diabetes mellitus caused by possible eating disorder. Method: Scientific articles were searched in the databases until October 2018 in: Scielo, ELSEVIER, pediatric endocrinology journal, Nursing World. Results: Several risk factors were identified: sedentarism, poor nutrition, lifestyle, overweight, and low socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The Natural history of the disease posed by Leavell and Clark was taken as a basis for a better understanding of the health-sickness process. Type I Diabetes mellitus is a non-transmissible disease, but can be controlled to avoid serious clinical complications. The Virginia Henderson model was perfectly adopted with the present case in putting the care plans. In the nursing process it is essential to assess the needs of patients (diagnoses, NANDA) with the primary objective of satisfying (outcomes, NOC) through interventions (NIC), contributing significantly to their rapid recovery and reintegration into your home.