Proceso de atención de enfermería en paciente con toxoplasmosis cerebral y vih

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis that occurs commonly in humans, is produced by a protozoan known as toxoplasma Gondii, which has as a reservoir to domestic animals, including the cat, this protozoa enters the human body for two types of transmission; Directly or vertically from mother to child during pregnancy; and by indirect transmission, usually orally, through the consumption of food contaminated with the oocysts of the parasite present in the feces of animals carrying it, these foods can be (meats, vegetables, water). The cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the pathologies that attack the central nervous system and that occur more frequently in immunologically depressed patients, such as those with HIV - AIDS, due to the great impact that this pathology causes in the body of the person suffers, is considered one of the opportunistic infections with higher mortality rate, because once established in the immunosuppressed host causes multiple organic involvement in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, myocardium, brain and eyes, in many cases irreversible. Most of the time, the zoonosis remains inside the organism in a latent manner and gradually manifests itself in it, as the patient's defenses are reduced as a result of HIV infection, developing toxoplasmic encephalitis, and producing neurological sequelae and increasing mortality. However, when the pathology is identified early, the immediate implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (TARGA) is important, since the decrease in viral load increases therapeutic efficacy. The present study analyzes the case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a female patient of 28 years of age, diagnosis of HIV positive, and the elaboration of a plan of cares that attend the needs of the patient, same that was attended in the Teofilo Hospital Davila from the city of Machala in the year 2018; entering for reasons unrelated to the final diagnosis, the patient goes to the doctor's office for presenting weight loss of approximately eight months presenting cough with expectoration, asthenia, dyspnea at medium effort, feeling of constant dizziness, loss of balance, episodes of syncope, problems with which is decided immediate admission to the health unit, where after the examinations are issued the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus disease plus tuberculosis and cerebral toxoplasmosis. According to the complexity of the chosen case, it has been important to collect information for the realization of a care plan oriented to the theoretical basis of Maryorie Gordon to improve the quality of life of the patient and her environment.