Estudio de caso de un recién nacido prematuro con síndrome de distrés respiratorio neonatal proceso de atención de enfermería

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal Respiratory Distress syndrome is one of the main causes of mortality. It is caused by the deficiency or absence of production of surfactant, a substance composed of lipids and proteins from type II pneumocytes that lines the alveoli to reduce blood pressure. these. In Latin America and the Caribbean according to the PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) every year there are 180,000 deaths during the first month of life, the main causes are: infections (32%), asphyxia (22%) and prematurity (24%) ). Complications associated with prematurity are respiratory distress syndrome among others. In South and Central Asia, it is recorded that 70% of infant deaths, that is, 11 million children die every year from causes such as respiratory infections. While in sub-Saharan Africa there are mostly high rates. Objective: To analyze the case of a premature newborn with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome at Teófilo Dávila Hospital in the city of Machala by reviewing the complete clinical history and compiling scientific articles emphasizing the Nursing Care Process. Method: The type of research is qualitative, because the clinical characteristics of the unit of analysis can be observed, the methods used are analytical: it is applied when the unit of analysis is broke.n down into categories of analysis, the clinical focus is on the analysis of a individual in a specific, synthetic way: the categories of analysis of the case were integrated, and it is evidenced in the conclusion of the case. Case presentation: 20/10/2017: Newborn female with Apgar at the first minute from 7-8 to the fifth minute with Capurro of 32 Weeks of Gestation aspirates oral and nasal secretions with suction bulb is stimulated and dried, It is placed in radiant heat cradle. A physical assessment Newborn is active hypo head management anterior fontanelle tension, reactive pupils, partially curved upper edge hearing, wet oral mucosa, reflex of suction and decreased swallowing. Oxygen is placed under positive pressure for 20 seconds due to signs of respiratory distress, moderate subcostal retractions and audible expiratory moan at a distance, heart rate of 68 X1 beats as a result of this measurement then it has 90 X1 beats and oxygen is replaced with Mask and valve balloon (AMBU) presenting slight improvement. Reason why he is admitted to the NICU Area of Neonatology Conclusions: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a consequence of prematurity, as we mentioned earlier. Preterm newborns present a higher mortality rate and with this they bring learning-related disabilities, as well as visual and auditory problems and psychomotor retardation. There are several risk factors that predispose this disease in the Newborn, but among all of these, one of the essentials is prematurity, because his lungs are immature, and he cannot fully comply with the physiological process of breathing. we can generalize that in all cases this happens