Proceso de atención de enfermería en paciente gestante con preeclampsia severa

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia in pregnant women is a hypertensive syndrome, which occurs after 20 weeks of gestation, the main clinical manifestations are: hypertension 140/90 mmHG, proteinuria and edema, if the patient does not receive the diagnosis and treatment timely the picture can get complicated and develop Hellp syndrome. The World Health Organization states that the incidence is 2.8% in pregnant adolescents who suffer from preeclampsia, in Ecuador with a percentage of 10 to 15% and globally from 2 to 10%. Case presentation: 17-year-old pregnant woman goes to the gynecological emergency service of Teofilo Davila General Hospital, due to pelvic abdominal pain, headache, uterine contractions, mucous plug removal and lower limb edema, she is hospitalized in the gynecology department with diagnosis of pregnancy of 39 weeks of gestation + severe preeclampsia, after being assessed by resident is transferred to obstetric center with diagnosis of pregnancy of 39 weeks of gestation + lab labor latent phase + commitment of fetal well-being + Hellp syndrome, performed an emergency caesarean, obtaining a male newborn in good clinical condition. General Objective: To analyze a clinical case of a patient with severe preeclampsia that was treated in the Teófilo Dávila Hospital, through the review of clinical history and high-impact scientific articles for the application of the nursing care process. Method: The methods used for this case analysis were the qualitative study because it is based on the collection of data from the clinical and descriptive history because the characterization of the pathology is stated, as well as a bibliographic review of high impact scientific articles. the years 2014 - 2018 of indexed magazine as scielo, redalyc, dialnet. Result:It was found that a trigger to originate the pathology greatly intervene risk factors such as hereditary, nutritional lifestyles, age, parity mentioned by the authors Yoset Muñoz and Sánchez. The clinical symptoms that were found in the patient were arterial hypertension 140/90 mmHG, pelvic abdominal pain, headache, proteinuria, edema in lower limbs are considered warning signs of preeclampsia, being related to the results of the author Luis Beltran, while Elvia Merizalde mentions that the clinical manifestations that can occur during pregnancy are: arterial hypertension, edema in upper and lower limbs, may or not present proteinuria. Conclusion: The main obstetric complication that occurred in the patient was Hellp syndrome, this being a problem that generated a high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality with a rate of 5-8%; it is necessary in the process of nursing care to strengthen the care plans and the applicability of the basic needs of Virginia Henderson in relation to the altered domains of the patient. The nursing staff is trained to provide comprehensive care with quality and warmth.