Efecto del tiempo de almacenamiento en la viabilidad, germinación de semillas de maní (arachis hypogaea l) de la UTMACH

Abstract

Peanuts (A. Hypogaea. L.) is a oilseed of great agricultural importance at the commercial level, in the country is a culture of little transcendence due to the lack of research and machinery for its harvest, it is a culture of family type, related to cultural customs, ancestral, that is used In the preparation of meals, candies and beverages. There is little information about the right way to manage the crop, especially how to keep your seeds for long periods without losing their viability and genetic vigor. Ecuador is center of origin of this species, therefore, there is a great diversity of peanuts with a great potential use in food and agro-industry, for its great nutritional value. This research was carried out at the Experimental Farm "Santa Inés" that belongs to the academic unit of Agricultural Sciences (UACA), of the Technical University of Machala (UTMACH), located in the parish El Cambio, Canton Machala. The objective of the work was: to check the effect caused by the time and the type of storage in the viability and germination of peanut seeds (A. Hypogaea L.). To carry out the experimental work, nine accessions of peanuts harvested and stored in different years were used (3 of 2016, 3 2017 and three 2018) belonging to the Germplasm Bank (UACA). To evaluate the germination power of the seeds, germination test was carried out in substrate (organic matter), this evaluation did not provide results, due to the low germination of the seeds (2016 and 2017 stored). Before this, a test of germination was proposed in laboratory, following the norms of the ISTA, but it was also used as a means of germination biocoal ground. The data obtained in the laboratory and field tests were submitted to the statistical analysis by means of a Anova and Tukey's tests at 0.05 using the statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The dependent variables assessed were: Percentage of germination and establishment in field (days to flowering, number of branches to flowering, leaves to flowering and plant height to flowering). The results showed that germination in substrate was not given in accessions that have been stored more than 1 year, storage time if it influenced this process. In the laboratory test using biochar as a means of germination, there is no significant difference between the peanut accessions according to the storage time with germination, the storage time did not influence. The seeds of TC2018 that contain more moisture, presented a lower rate of germination capacity, the seeds of TC2016 and TC2017 that contain less moisture, but showed a high degree of germination. In the establishment in the field, the best vigor of peanut plants was obtained, of the TC2018 group, instead, TC2016 was the group that presented the least morphological development. The results show that the moisture content at the time of storage and maintain the seeds contained in its natural capsule influence its viability, establishment in field and genetic vigor.