Exportaciones de banano orgánico hacia Estados Unidos y la unión europea: caso de estudio exportadora banabio S.A

Abstract

The exports of organic Bananas have had a significant increase in the last two decades, being the countries that make up the European Union and the United States those of greater consumption. In this context, for Ecuador, the export of bananas has been characterized as the main agricultural activity, which generates a large amount of direct employment, which are the main engine to boost the economy of the provinces of the coast that cultivate it. With the above, the present investigation has the purpose of analyzing the banana production of the exporting company BANABIO S.A, which had as time series the years of 2014 to 2017, which had as final destination the United States and the European Union. The research uses descriptive methods, such as direct observation and analysis of a database, which was taken by week, destination, brand, quantity and income in dollars, which was subjected to a statistical process that will consist of a descriptive analysis. In the analysis it was determined that the company BANABIO S.A. had a greater export volume to the European Union with 56806.00 t in the 4 years of the investigation, in which the seaports of Helsingborg stand out with an export frequency of 427, well above the second one which is Rotterdam with 219, while Delaware with 138 and Philadelphia with 94 are the most outstanding destinations for the United States, bearing in mind that Helsinki, Vlissingen, New Orleans and Miami are the less crowded destinations. Due to the tendency of the company to increase its exports, it is logical to assume that 2017 was the year of greatest export to the EU with 24300.8 t year-1, with Helsingborg being the most frequent destination with 191 cargo shipments and a volume of 20527.937 t year1; for the USA Something similar happened with the largest export volume in 2017 with 12372.3 t year-1, with the difference that this was obtained by the sum of different destination ports, which include Philadelphia (80 exports) and Everglades (38 exports) with 8284.464 and 2204.161 t year-1 respectively; It should be noted that the port of Delaware belonging to the USA. it is the destination to which greater volume was exported with 10168.128 t year -1 with 51 banana shipments, which happened in 2016, the same port that did not have any exports in 2017. Although the revenues are greater for the European Union, the adjustment linear to predict income trends is not as good (R2 = 0.778) as the one shown for the US market. with an R2 = 0.869. But the trend of production prediction on the contrary of the income trends shows us that the EU obtains R2 = 0.8817 placing itself above the US. with R2 = 0.8778. The company under study has gone from year to year increasing its production and income, basically due to the association with producers with significant volumes and preferences in negotiations and direct agreements with consumers which avoid intermediaries and prevent profits from dividing.