Diseño de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales mediante humedales artificiales en la parroquia La Iberia, cantón El Guabo.

Abstract

The purpose of the present titration work is to design a wastewater treatment plant benefiting from the use of artificial wetlands, a natural form of sewage treatment that is friendly to the environment, has a very pleasant visual aesthetics. a natural green area, and the advantage of being a plant that requires a very low maintenance cost, and does not require trained staff, as would happen in other treatment plants of another nature. The purpose of this plant is to help the present population of the La Iberia parish, since one of the basic needs of the human being is a local sanitary system that avoids the contamination of the surroundings of the local population. To start with the necessary research, which is the initial phase of the project, we started with an interview with the administration of the Parish Decentralized Autonomous Government of La Iberia, which manifested the proposal of the treatment plant, and the administration gave understand their concerns in their lack of an adequate health system, for that at the same time a tour was organized to publicize the current status of the installed health network and where it is downloaded. During the analysis of this project we visited the different points of collection of necessary wastewater, which will then serve us in one of the calculations of the flows, since the network has approximately a decade since its last maintenance and repair. We also visited the tributary where the unloading takes place, which allows us to establish a project location. In advance the census carried out in the parish was requested, a valuable data for the estimation of the future population, numerical data that allows to calculate a flow of design, and therefore, the design of the treatment plant. The investigative part of the project allows to prepare with the knowledge required to carry out the design of the treatment plant, for it was used as study material and source of knowledge different sources from scientific articles, civil engineering magazines that deal with topics such as plants aquatic, microorganisms, technical books related to the subject (especially the works of the authors Metcalf and Eddy), and for the calculations present in the project used calculation methods, formulas and equations from technical books and Ecuadorian construction standards . The plant is divided into three treatment phases which are the preliminary treatment consisting of a screen that traps solid waste in suspension such as garbage and branches, the primary treatment consisting of a set of a septic tank and an anaerobic filter, and the secondary treatment that is the artificial wetland. Through the calculations made, the dimensions of all the elements that make up the treatment plant are obtained, to organize all the results obtained in the different phases of the plant, they are arranged in tables, and also graphs that show the dimensions of the different elements that make up the plant