Plan de manejo de desechos sólidos del sector casco urbano de la ciudad de Zaruma, año 2018.

Abstract

Municipal or urban waste is generated in the houses; Resulting from the elimination of the materials used by the inhabitants in their domestic activities, the waste that comes from any other activity within establishments or on the public thoroughfare that generates waste with home characteristics, and The resulting cleaning of the roads and public places. The majority of municipalities of Ecuador present a deficient management of solid wastes, at present the municipality of Zaruma has an area of environmental management that is in charge of the activities of sweeping, gathering, transport and disposition End, this area does not have adequate personnel for the management of solid wastes, therefore, does not have a plan of management of solid wastes, this problem affects to the environment and image of the sector urban center of the city, Since in some cases the citizens deposit in the sidewalks the garbage bags outside the time of collection being vulnerable to that the animals break them generating bad smells by the breakdown of the garbage and sometimes the machinery and equipment is scarce In order to develop a solid waste management plan, the importance of collecting data for the study of solid waste management was taken into account, since it allowed to know the reality of the health problem The methodology used to obtain data was considered in two stages: first stage for the evaluation of the current management of solid waste was through the tools of interview, survey and observation in situ; Second stage for the determination of the characteristics and composition of the solid waste generated In the sector was by sampling solid waste in several homes to obtain a heterogeneous sample and using methods of estimation direct as the method of quartering, equation generation per capita, equation of density and equation of percentage Component A current rate of generation per capita of 0.46 kg/hab/day, a density of 33.26 kg/m3 and a composition of 70.57% of organic waste and 29.43% of inorganic waste was obtained. Among the inorganics the plastic 6.88% and others as the waste of hygienic services 15.17% are the ones that the highest percentage reached. Considering that the proposal of the plan was designed for 10 years of useful life, the projection of population and GPC for the year 2028 in the sector urban center of Zaruma will have 11658 inhabitants, a GPC of 0.51 kg/hab/day, generating 5.92 ton/daily and 2159.36 ton/year. Through an SWOT analysis of the diagnosis of the current solid waste management, programs aimed at the community and the Municipal GAD were raised for each stage of solid waste management such as: environmental education, segregation and storage, exploitation, Collection and transport, and improvement of the landfill area, based on the methodology of the 4Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle and recover) and in current environmental regulations; Whose primary objective is that citizens have a responsible consumption to minimize the generation of solid wastes and classify them from their origin to provide a healthy and pleasant environment; And so have a better tourist development in the city heritage