Control de calidad a los mampuestos utilizados para la construcción de viviendas en la ciudad de Machala

Abstract

The purpose of the present titration work is to perform a comparative analysis of the masonry manufactured in the City of Machala, which are used for the construction of houses in different sectors of the city, to verify that they comply with the minimum requirements establishes the NTE INEN regulation. The construction of houses in recent years has increased in the city, an important part in the construction is the masonry which involves the use of masonry, whether blocks or bricks of different types and sizes. From this perspective, it must be taken into account that the masonry is of quality to prevent problems from appearing on the walls, be these cracks caused by natural factors or by specific loads that are on them. So it is proposed to perform a comparative analysis of the masonry used for the construction of houses in the city of Machala, for this a survey was implemented aimed at the blocks and brickyards of the city, to identify which are those that have more sales per sector, its daily production and the respective dosages that are used to manufacture the masonry, in addition, different samples were taken to be analyzed in the laboratories. The masonry must comply with the minimum requirements for resistance to compression and moisture absorption established by the NTE INEN standards, in order to verify this in the laboratory of the Academic Unit of Civil Engineering, the corresponding tests were carried out for each of the samples taken in field, with the results obtained in the laboratory, we proceeded to compare with the values of the norm. That said it is important that in our environment, the masonry used in buildings have a certain degree of quality, so that users who make use of homes built with these mats feel safety and comfort being within them. The Ecuadorian Technical Norm NTE INEN establishes the requirements that masons must meet, be these concrete blocks, ceramic bricks, ceramic tiles and paving stones, for which in the development of this work these regulations are established establishing the requirements and testing methods they will be applied for the samples that were taken in the field. After having finished the stage of analysis and comparison of results, the stage where the possible solutions to the problem are planted and analyzed, to later define the most convenient solution and that adapts to the need to obtain elements that comply with the requirements that are established in the INEN regulation to obtain a quality product. For this purpose it is proposed to make samples of blocks of masonry with different dosages in order to find the most optimal that meets the requirements established by the NTE INEN regulations for blocks. These samples were submitted to the compressive strength test to verify that it meets the resistance required by the NTE INEN 3066 standard for non-structural blocks. The solution is based on handmade blocks for masonry since these are the ones that are used the most for the different constructions in our environment.