Acidosis ruminal. causas, fisiopatología y repercusión sobre la producción de leche en la hembra bovina <i>(bos taurus)</i> (Examen complexivo). UTMACH, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Machala, Ecuador.

Abstract

Dairy cattle are subjected to a strict metabolic process in order to convert food substances into milk, a product of great biological value for human consumption, however, current production systems force a higher metabolism in females with affectations. of health and reproduction. The objective of this study was to characterize the main causes of ruminal acidosis and its impact on milk production. The feeding system of cows tries to maintain the symbiosis created between ruminal microbiota and animal to guarantees the correct assimilation of nutrients for milk production; Changes in diet produce serious disorders in ruminal microorganisms with fermentative alterations where ruminal acidosis is one of the most significant. It is concluded that the main causes of ruminal acidosis are the incorrect administration and sudden changes of diet, the excessive use of easy fermentable carbohydrates and the poor stimulation of the rumen at initial ages; the acidosis can be subclinical, asymptomatic way, which is the most damaging to the health of the cow and the profitability of the farm. The main repercussions in the production females are, at the beginning, ruminal functional disorders due to excess of lactic acid or impossibility of absorption of the VFA, which decreases milk production significantly even 6 days before the clinical manifestation of the disease with reduction of up to 3kg / day of milk in the clinical phase. The chemical composition is affected by significantly reducing the% of fat.