Caracterización, clasificación y repercusiones sobre la producción lechera de las patologías puerperales en la hembra bovina bos taurus

Abstract

In any animal exploitation system, reproduction is an important factor that maintains the profitability of the herd. The low fertility rate, caused by inadequate housing conditions, nutrition problems including supply of poor quality water, problems of health and these related to incorrect handling and attention of the female during childbirth which produce puerperal pathologies, is a cause of losses in the productivity of a livestock farm. The objective of the present work was determining the main puerperal pathologies in the female bovine and its repercussions on milk production. Metabolic pathologies such as hypocalcemia and ketosis, and uterine infections, specific or nonspecific, negatively affect the reproductive rates by reducing the rate of postpartum uterine involution due to altering the ovarian follicular development producing reproductive disorder that leads to mortality of the offspring, repetition of estrus and increase the interval between births, among others, which decreases the milk production of the herd. It is concluded that the main puerperal pathologies are related to metabolic problems related to food and those associated with hygienic-environmental conditions and inadequate handling of the calf during delivery and the placenta during the postpartum period. The repercussions of these reproductive pathologies in bovine female affect their state of health and welfare conditions decreasing milk production and affect negatively the reproductive activity, generating important economic losses to producers.