Factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo del cáncer de riñón

Abstract

Introduction: Kidney cancer is responsible for 3-5% of all malignant tumors and is the deadliest of the urinary tract, the most common form being clear cell carcinoma. Affecting men more between the sixth and seventh decade of life. Annually around the world 300,000 men and women are diagnosed with kidney cancer and 150,000 fail. The incidence is higher in developed countries and less frequent in underdeveloped countries such as Latin America. In Ecuador this neoplasm ranks eighth in men and eleventh in women. Objective: To describe the most relevant updated data in the medical literature on the main risk factors associated with the development of kidney cancer. Methodology: The bibliographic search of several scientific articles was carried out in journals indexed and reviewed by academic peers, obtained from Pubmed, Medscape and Google Academic databases, published during the last 5 years, related to renal cancer. Conclusions: Over the last 5 years, obesity, smoking, high blood pressure and acquired cystic disease have been described in patients with chronic dialysis as well established factors linked to renal cancer. Other factors have decreased their incidence as; type 2 diabetes when controlling other comorbidities, moderate consumption of alcohol and fruits, vegetables together with physical activity. Carcinogenic chemical agents, poor dietary habits, constant use of aspirin, and other medications have been described as new risk factors with poorly established bases.