Ictericia neonatal: exámenes rutinarios y tratamiento de elección

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is the presence of yellowish tint in the skin and sclera of the Newborn (RN), which is usually caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of bilirubin. It is a frequent morbidity in the areas of neonatology and the medical community classifies it into two types according to its causative agent: physiological and pathological jaundice. Currently for a more reliable diagnosis according to the Nice guidelines and those of the neonatal normative component, they recommend carrying out a generalized inspection and clinical history, which is complemented by laboratory tests; the treatment of choice continues to be phototherapy in the initial cases or without the presence of complication; When the aforementioned method fails, the exchange transfusion should be performed. Objective: To describe the routine examinations and treatment of choice of neonatal jaundice based on scientific evidence. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, based on the review of articles in scientific databases such as PubMed, BMC pediatrics, PMC, NICE, SCIELO, Italian Journal of Pediatrics and American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, limiting the search to articles of the last 5 years in Spanish and English and current guidelines proposed by the Ministry of Public Health. Conclusions and recommendations: It was determined that jaundice is the third cause of childhood morbidity with phototherapy being the method of choice for the initial management of jaundiced neonates, evidencing a pro-phototherapy attitude in both guidelines (Nice and normative neonatal component).