Drench: evaluación de aplicaciones mensuales de soluciones nutritivas en banano y sus efectos en la producción y calidad de fruto.

Abstract

The banana (Musa x paradisiaca L.) is a perennial crop whose fruit is highly marketed and demanded worldwide, as it has nutritional and mineral components in its pulp, and is mostly used as a staple food. For the year 2018, the commercialization of banana obtained a relatively high figure in comparison to past years, where it is concluded that the demand for this product is increasing with the passing of time. Among the producing countries, there is a greater extension and supply of bananas from the American continent, especially Latin America and the Caribbean, with Ecuador being the country with the largest extension of land established for the cultivation of this product, but at the same time the country occupies the last places in terms of production yield. With the aforementioned background, the present research was carried out to evaluate the effect of monthly applications of nutrient solutions in banana (Musa x paradisiaca L.) on the production and quality of fruit through drench on plantations under development for export of the Experimental Farm "Santa Inés" belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, which has an area of 7.5 hectares, located in the province of El Oro, Machala canton, parish "El Cambio". For the research, a completely randomized block design was used, with 3 treatments and 1 control, applied on 40 plants to be evaluated, in plots of 1 ha, each treatment is composed as follows: T1 (125cc. Geoplus + 10 l. Water), T2 (50 g. Natural Charcoal + 50 g. Fossil Shell + 10 g. Boric Acid + 10 l. Water), T3 (50 cc. Biobonb3 + 50 cc. Root link + 50 cc. H2H + 10 l. Water) and T4 control. For the statistical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data, the statistical software IBM-SPPSS version 22 for Windows, ANOVA of one factor and Tukey's test at 0.05 significance were used. The results obtained for the variables studied did not show a significant variance of less than (p=0. 05), however, among the treatments applied, T3 stands out in the production variables, since it results in a shorter harvest time than the other treatments, in addition to having a greater number of hands, greater bunch weight, and therefore greater rachis weight; on the contrary, T1 resulted in a longer time in days for harvesting, On the other hand, T1 resulted in a greater time in days to harvest, less number of hands as well as T4, although the weight of the bunch resulted in the average, the treatment has the highest degree of fingers of the sun hand, T4 resulted with fewer leaves at harvest and T2 is where a lower weight of the bunch and a higher degree of °Brix was observed in relation to the others. With the completion of this work it can be shown that the use of nutrient solutions through Drench is very beneficial in the intensive production of banana crops, as it helps to improve the productive cycles thanks to the composition of products such as Biobonb3, Root Link and H2H, as these stimulate, strengthen and provide the plant with the necessary nutrients, strengthen and provide the plant with nutrients necessary for its development and production, thus facilitating the profitability of production, shortening crop cycles and making production more vigorous, in addition to providing the minerals and nutrients required for the plantation in a more soluble form.