Cambios histopatológicos del endometrio en las etapas del ciclo estral en perras esterilizadas en la clínica veterinaria bai de Ibarra, 2023

Abstract

The general objective of the study was to identify the histopathological changes of subclinical endometritis and its association with the different stages of the estrous cycle, breed, age, and weight of spayed bitches at the BAI clinic in Ibarra in 2023. For this purpose, vaginal cytology was used as a diagnostic tool to determine the estrous phase of each animal, complemented by a detailed histopathological analysis of the endometrium identifying alterations related to the stages of the estrous cycle. The results showed that there are microscopic alterations in the endometrial tissue throughout the different stages of the estrous cycle. These alterations include subtle inflammatory changes and structural alterations compatible with subclinical endometritis, which may go unnoticed in routine clinical practice. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between the occurrence of endometrial changes and factors such as age, weight, and breed, suggesting that these elements may directly influence the susceptibility to developing uterine conditions. This study provides relevant information for veterinary practice by highlighting the importance of evaluating the reproductive status of bitches through vaginal cytology and performing histopathological examinations on samples obtained during ovariohysterectomy. In this way, endometrial alterations could be detected early, and preventive or therapeutic measures could be established during sterilization campaigns to reduce intraoperative complications and improve mortality risk. A deep understanding of the histopathological changes of the endometrium and associated factors contributes to the improvement of reproductive and surgical management strategies in dog sterilization campaigns.