Seroprevalencia de brucelosis canina y factores asociados en caninos domésticos (canis familiares) en el cantón Arenillas

Abstract

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella that can affect both canines and humans. In this research, the prevalence of B. Canis was determined using the indirect Elisa Kit [Vetlis Brucella iElisa] in hematological samples from 100 canine patients collected in veterinary clinics in the Arenillas canton. The ranges were separated into ages from 2 to 11 months, 1 to 3 years, 4 to 7 years, and 8 to 11 years; In addition, the results are interpreted based on variables such as sex, race, and age. The samples were processed in the Cytology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala where the indirect Elisa and Rose Bengal tests were applied. As a result, a prevalence of 6% of B. Canis by Elisa and 0% by Rose Bengal was presented in the 100 samples submitted for evaluation. Cross-breed dogs presented a 66.67% seroprevalence, obtaining 4 positive cases 4/100 (4%) and 62 negative cases; Regarding the sex of the patient, positive results were determined in 1 female 16.67% and 5 males 83.3% of a 58% of males and 42% of females sampled. Animals in the latent reproductive phase showed positivity independent of sex, with a higher incidence in cross-breed breeds. However, since cross-breeds constituted a greater part of the population studied, it could not be concluded that breed is a determining factor for the presence of the disease. Based on the findings, it was considered necessary to raise awareness among owners about the importance of implementing preventive and control measures to improve the care of their pets and stop the spread of B. canis. This is why the owners of canine patients were informed about the meaning of canine brucellosis, along with the repercussions and care needed to manage it at home. Therefore, it is proposed to improve diagnostic techniques, especially molecular ones, and to increase the study population at regional and provincial levels, in order to improve the quality and accuracy of diagnoses and advance knowledge in the field. In addition, it was also recommended to establish information campaigns on this canine disease and its impact on health, clearly explaining the symptoms, modes of transmission and prevention measures.