Análisis de utilización de inhibidores de la bomba de protones en el hospital general Machala

Abstract

This experimental study aims to analyze the prescription patterns and factors associated with the inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in hospitalized patients at the General Hospital of Machala during the period of June to September 2024. A crosssectional quantitative design was applied, collecting data from 59 patients using the hospital's electronic records system. The variables analyzed included sociodemographic, clinical, and prescription characteristics, as well as the adequacy of PPI use according to clinical guidelines. The results showed that 64.4% of the patients were women, with the highest prevalence in the 45–70 age group (44.1%). The primary clinical indications for PPI prescriptions were gastritis and duodenitis (22%), gastric ulcers, and gastrointestinal bleeding (13.6% each). However, significant use of PPIs without clear clinical indications was identified, along with prolonged treatments without reassessment and inappropriate dosages, highlighting patterns of inadequate prescription. The analysis also revealed that indiscriminate PPI use is associated with severe adverse effects, including hypomagnesemia, gastrointestinal infections, bone fractures, and progressive renal damage. Additionally, self-medication and a lack of medical supervision contribute to inefficient use of these medications, posing health risks and creating a considerable economic burden on the healthcare system. Evidence-based strategies are proposed to optimize PPI use. Recommended interventions include adopting updated clinical guidelines, standardizing prescription protocols, conducting periodic audits, offering continuous medical education, and launching patient awareness campaigns. These measures aim to promote rational PPI use, mitigate associated risks, and ensure the healthcare system’s economic sustainability. This study concludes that improving prescription practices through continuous monitoring and promoting safer and more efficient PPI management is essential. Effective intervention in the usage patterns of these medications could significantly reduce adverse effects, optimize available resources, and improve the quality of medical care at the General Hospital of Machala