Análisis estructural mediante elementos finitos de edificaciones con estructuras de acero de ductilidad limitada en la ciudad de Machala.

Abstract

This project addresses the non-linear static (pushover) analysis of a two-storey building with steel sections and limited ductility, in order to assess its structural response under gravitational and seismic loads. To this end, a detailed bibliographic review was initially carried out on the behaviour of steel structures and their non-linear analysis methods, with particular focus on the parameters influencing plasticity and permissible displacements. Subsequently, a finite element model of the building was developed, incorporating its actual geometry, the constitutive properties of the material, support conditions and the various load combinations. With the progressive application of lateral loads, the formation sequences of plastic hinges were obtained, and the most vulnerable areas were identified, paying special attention to the potential occurrence of brittle failures. Furthermore, through multi-modal analysis, it was possible to calculate the capacity curves for the most significant vibration modes and determine the ultimate displacements. The results made it possible to specify the necessary levels of strength and stiffness for an adequate performance of the building under seismic demands, as well as to propose reinforcement or redesign measures in critical areas. In this way, the study contributes to improving structural safety, reducing the risk of significant damage and extending the service life of buildings with steel sections and limited ductility.