Aplicación del percarbonato de sodio para incrementar la concentración de oxígeno disuelto a diferentes salinidades.

Abstract

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is crucial in aquaculture as it directly affects the health, growth, and survival of aquatic organisms. In situations of sudden DO depletion, hydrogen peroxide is traditionally applied as an emergency method. However, since 2022, this chemical has been controlled by the Technical Secretariat of Drugs (Seted), restricting its use in commercial aquaculture, specifically in shrimp farms. As a viable alternative, sodium percarbonate (SPC) has emerged in the market, fulfilling a similar function by generating oxygen and offering significant benefits. To evaluate the effectiveness of SPC, an experiment was conducted in three different aquatic environments: freshwater, brackish water, and marine water. Four treatments were implemented with different SPC concentrations: T0 (0 mg/L), T1 (6 mg/L), T2 (12 mg/L), and T3 (24 mg/L). Before the application of SPC, the dissolved oxygen present in the experimental units was removed using sodium sulfite and cobalt chloride, ensuring a uniform starting point for all treatments. The results showed that the addition of SPC significantly increased DO levels in the three types of water, varying according to water salinity, being most effective in freshwater environments (0 PSU), followed by marine water and subsequently the brackish water environment, with average values of 2,99 ± 1,33, 2,25 ± 1,12, and 1,72 ± 0,87 mg/L, respectively. It should be noted that all values were at a concentration of 24 mg/L of sodium percarbonate. The observed effectiveness in freshwater is attributed to the low amount of total dissolved solids present.