Atención de enfermería en paciente con ictiosis basado en las teorías de Virginia Henderson a propósito de un caso

Abstract

Introduction: Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis is a rare disease worldwide, with an incidence of 1 in 300,000. In Ecuador, according to statistical data indicated by the Ministry of Health, it was evident that there were approximately 120 confirmed cases of ichthyosis until 2009, which were located with greater relevance in the provinces of Manabí, Guayas and El Oro. This Disease is characterized by excessive keratinization, which causes dryness, peeling, hyperkeratosis and redness of the skin. Its variants include lamellar ichthyosis, congenital erythroderma, and harlequin ichthyosis. Objective: Determine nursing care based on Virginia Henderson's theory in a patient with ichthyosis, through a bibliographic review. Methodology: In this work a descriptive, scientific and analytical methodology was used. Relevant patient data were collected through observation, direct interviews, review of the Clinical History and consultation of bibliographic information from accredited scientific journals. Results: Through direct observation and a structured interview with a patient with a diagnosis of unspecified ichthyosis + malignant tumor of the spine, the affected functional patterns were identified: deterioration of skin integrity and reduced physical mobility. A care plan was implemented following the taxonomy of NANDA, NIC and NOC. This helps the patient maintain an appropriate lifestyle and have their needs met within the home environment. Conclusion: A nursing care plan was developed based on the altered needs identified through Virginia Henderson's theory. reveal that the most affected areas are the need for movement and maintaining proper posture. This is because the patient is bedridden, unable to carry out her normal activities. As a result of the nursing plan that was carried out, it was possible to evaluate the condition of the patient's skin, it was moisturized and without the presence of lesions, in the same way it was possible to gradually recover muscle strength through the exercises that were performed, observing a prompt improvement through properly implemented nursing interventions.