Aplicación del oreganón (plectranthus amboinicus) pulverizado en el balanceado para la prevención de vibrios spp. En el cultivo de camarón blanco (litopenaeus vannamei).

Abstract

The shrimp industry has been an essential component of the Ecuadorian economy for more than five decades and represents one of the most significant sectors for the domestic economy. In fact, more than 40% of Ecuador's exports come from this sector. In 2020 there was a world production of shrimp farming close to 4 million tons. Ecuador is one of the most important producers and exporters at present, shrimp farming is one of the most important sectors for its internal economy. El Oro is a producing province with 15% of the country's total. Vibriosis is a disease of bacterial origin which is responsible for high mortalities in the shrimp sector in the main shrimp producing countries, both in larviculture and fattening. Antibiotics are chemical substances that can inhibit or eliminate the growth of microorganisms. Misuse in aquaculture generates problems in the environment as well as in human health, leading to bacterial resistance and residues in the aquatic environment. As a preventive measure for the control of bacterial diseases in shrimp farming, the use of natural resources instead of antibiotics is suggested in order to avoid the development of bacterial resistance in the culture facilities. In this work, the implementation of P. amboinicus in the balanced feed fed to white shrimp in two doses per day was evaluated to deal with the bacterial load in the feed (Vibrios spp). Two doses of 2.25 and 0.50 % per 100 g of feed were used, 9 trays each with 5 white shrimp with an average weight of 3.38 g and 25 L were used in the trial. They were fed for 5 days with two doses per day. The results obtained in the microbiological analysis of the three treatments (T0, T1, T2) showed that T1 (0.25 %) was the most effective in minimizing the load of Vibrios, although there was no statistical difference with T2 (0.50 %). In terms of survival, T2 had the lowest survival rate, making the dose of T1 more effective, suggesting that the higher the dose, the lower the bacterial load and the more harmful it can be for the animals that are being fed.