Análisis de los efectos de los controles de aforo y su importancia en la gestión aduanera ecuatoriana.

Abstract

An elementary factor for the dynamism of foreign trade is the continuous improvement in the customs processes that are promoted by the customs administration, and the role played by the National Customs Service of Ecuador is fundamental to guarantee efficiency and quality in the services offered. The scope of international trade makes customs aim at effective and efficient controls to keep tax revenues assured while complying with that same national legislation that seeks to protect an entire society. However, there are difficulties that affect customs processes preventing their optimal development and achieving the goals intended by the entity whose objective is to increase its efficiency, is affected by delays in nationalization and high rates to release goods, as well as frequent non-compliance by customs personnel. The objective pursued by the research is to determine the effects of capacity controls and their importance in customs management through improvement strategies for the optimization of customs processes and thus provide a correct functioning in their management, through qualitative research with a descriptive approach, using data collection methods such as the interview. According to the results obtained, it can be said that the customs authorities maintain permanent control over the control processes. As the gauging process progresses, it is clear that communication is essential to verify the details of the goods being examined, and in case of any type of dispute or anomaly in the declaration, immediately notify the importer or his customs broker for correction. Customs should make it easier for users to allocate goods at port terminals and modern procedures should be introduced to streamline procedures and benefit foreign trade operators. The strategies established are appropriate in customs management can help improve the optimization of capacity processes by focusing on risk segmentation, automation, cooperation, training and the use of data, among other factors. These strategies work together to streamline the capacity process and ensure an efficient flow of international trade while maintaining the necessary security controls. In conclusion, it can be said that, in order to determine the effects and importance of capacity controls in customs management through strategies to improve customs processes, this study has collected relevant information according to the rules that seek the time necessary to nationalize the goods. Through interviews it has been concluded that it is crucial to introduce improvements in customs management to ensure more efficient and agile processes. The Ecuapass system could be perfected with the main objective of facilitating and controlling as much as possible all those procedures related to foreign trade carried out by SENAE. It is recommended that Customs establish areas of analysis in its processes to identify deficiencies in the controls applied and ensure the proper performance of these, as well as expedite the service.