Reacciones adversas más frecuentes en pacientes medicados con antibióticos betalactámicos

Abstract

Introduction: Beta-lactams are the most widely used group of antibiotics in clinical and hospital practice due to their therapeutic effectiveness against the most recurrent infectious pathologies, however, they are the most reported by patients as the cause of adverse hypersensitivity, dermatological, gastrointestinal among others that as a result increase hospital admissions and care costs. Objective: To determine the most frequent adverse reactions of beta-lactam antibiotics and their classification, through a bibliographic review of scientific articles for an adequate use of drugs in patients who require it as pharmacological treatment. Methodology: In the present investigation, a qualitative approach and a descriptive methodology were used, based on the bibliographic review of the relevant scientific literature. 26 high-impact database articles from the years 2017-2023 were chosen as reference. Results: The most frequent adverse reactions were allergic, skin, and gastrointestinal reactions caused mainly by drugs such as penicillin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone. According to their classification, they were considered type A reactions and mild severity, followed by type B and C reactions considered serious. Conclusions: The most frequent adverse reactions in patients treated with beta-lactam antibiotics were determined, with mild type A reactions being the most prevalent. Patient education was established on the rational use of beta-lactam antibiotics that must be taken into account for the proper use of these medications and avoid future complications.