Determinación del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (vdvb), en el cantón Santa Rosa mediante el método molecular pcr

Abstract

Bovine Viral Diarrhea is one of the diseases that most affect livestock worldwide causing a large economic impact and therefore animal losses in livestock, the disease is developed by a virus with simple chain of RNA. The etiological agent of this disease of great importance belongs to the family Flaviviridae of the genus Pestivirus, it can be confused by the antigen similar to the diseases of classical swine fever and the border virus. Transmission of the virus can occur in various forms, either through direct contact with infected animals, or through fomites or contaminated material, through infected semen or in the case of transfer of embryos that are infected with the virus. The main objective of this research was to determine the presence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus in Canton Santa Rosa through the molecular technique Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The present research work was carried out on cattle from farms in Santa Rosa canton in the province of El Oro, this canton is geographically located in the following coordinates: South Latitude: 3°27′08″S, West Longitude: 79°57′42″O, Temperature: 22°C - 31°C and Relative Humidity: 90%. The methodology to carry out this work was to sample 3 farms located in Cantón Santa Rosa from which 100 blood samples were taken at the level of coccigea and jugular in 4 ml lilac cap tubes (EDTA), then as the next step was to perform pools of 5 blood samples of cattle previously labeled from each farm, making a total of 20 pooles and then be properly processed and packaged with gels maintaining the appropriate temperature for shipment to the laboratory Agrocalidad - Tumbaco, located in Quito, at the site called La Granja to be analyzed respectively and determine the presence or not of the disease. 25 samples were taken from "Nicvana" farm located km 1 via Puerto Jelí, 45 samples from Las Lomas farm located via Troncal to the Coast 2 km from El Campestre Restaurant and 30 samples from "Karfel" farm located via Bella María near Estero Medina, the variables studied were: sick animals (infected and non-infected); age (from 0 - 1.4 years; 1.5 years to 5.4 years and from 5.5 years to 12 years); sex (Female and Male); race (Mestizos; Swiss Brown, Holstein mestiza, Gyr, Brahman mestiza); vaccination status (vaccinated and non-vaccinated). The results issued by the laboratory of Agroquality showed a 0% positive to the presence of BVD virus, therefore it is concluded that there is no presence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Santa Rosa canton, specifically in the three farms sampled, it is recommended to continue with the investigation at the level of the Province of El Oro, taking into account a greater number of animals as well as inclination to work more with sick animals or animals that present a pathology that of signs that present the disease, since in this case it was worked with animals without taking into account their state of health, it is also recommended to validate the molecular technique with positive controls in order to obtain reliable results.