Proceso de atención de enfermería en un paciente con cirrosis hepática

Abstract

Cirrhosis is a chronic pathology of the liver that results from various liver diseases of progressive character, this is determined by fibrosis, arising from the destruction of the natural building of the liver, this condition is presented at any stage of Life,varies according to age, being more frequent in people between 40 and 50 years of age approximately, in Ecuador this pathology is among the top 10 causes of mortality, the male population being the most affected with 1,397 cases to 3.79% ,while in the female population has registered 926 cases corresponding to3.03% according to records of the INEC of 2016. The clinical picture is characterized mainly by two phases, the first is the asymptomatic compensated, and the second is the decompensated, with clinical manifestations such as dyspnea, ascites,jaundice, bleeding esophageal varicose veins, portal hypertension, which passesthrough A transition phase is initiated fromcompensation to decompensation, its diagnosis is based on a rigorous clinical inspection accompanied by an interrogation of the patient and relatives in search of information about the disease. The most common risk factors for cirrhosis of the liver are hepatitis B and hepatitis C, the excessive consumption of alcohol is one of the main causes of morbidity-mortality worldwide, this pathology has more incidence in men than in women, Same as in the present case which is because of excessive alcohol intake. Treatment in the first stage is preventive to avoid complications and the second is palliative and liver transplantation is for those people that the pathology is not very decompensated, the importance of nursing professional care has as Aim to improve health. The objective of this research is to analyze a clinical case of a patient in the General Hospital of Machala (IESS) with hepatic cirrhosis by reviewing the clinical history and scientific articles to determine nursing interventions Linked to the diagnosis NANDA, with their respective results (NOC)and interventions (NIC) to improve their health and the quality of life affected by this pathology. The study is qualitative descriptive, based on the clinical history of a patient who was admitted to the clinic area of the General Hospital of Machala (IESS),also conducted a bibliographical search of scientific articles. Concluding that cirrhosis is a pathology that affects the liver, being one of the main causes of morbidity-mortality, can be prevented by vaccination for hepatitis B, education to people with excessive consumption of alcohol and those Injectable drug addicts. The role of nursing plays an important role, it is characterized in the direct care of the patient to help to improve the health, it is promoted that the professional of nursing apply care plans focused on the needs that the user deserves, plans are elaborated of care based on the Marjory Gordon theory,focused on patients with cirrhosis of the liver, identifying altered functional patterns in the case study.