Evaluación de la humedad del suelo por medio de la sonda de reflectometría magnética (fdr) en el cultivo de banano.

Abstract

Magnetic refractometry (FDR) probes quickly report variations in soil moisture content, reflecting the impact of both rainfall and irrigation water on the moisture content of the soil at different times of the dry and wet year. These instruments have allowed the determination in many cases as deficit and excess water in the soil profile. The monitoring of this parameter is a support in the knowledge of the water needs of the plant, which allows a more efficient irrigation programming. Everything indicates that these probes are a good tool for decision making in drip irrigation installations, allowing to foresee deficit situations that may negatively affect the crop. The objective of this work was to determine the moisture content through the probe (FDR), for an adequate irrigation management and to calculate the percentage of humidity in a profile of 70 cm, through the probe (FDR) in the 2 seasons; dry and wet. To this end, PVC pipes with a length of 70 cm were installed in three banana plantations. Soil samples were taken every 10 cm to estimate the water content from the gravimetric and volumetric method. To evaluate the reliability of the humidity data recorded with the probes, a multivariate analysis of the variance of the Sonda readings emitted in the tubes installed in the field in the different farms was carried out, considering the depths and the stations. For the calculation of multivariate analysis of variance considering the depth and the different periods of the dry and wet year. There was statistical significance in the readings of the probes in the different seasons of the wet and dry year, in the calculation of the net needs it could be observed that week 13 to 24 did not apply irrigation due to the amount of sheet present in the soil , in those months whose results (18.4 to 18.95 mm) are higher than the need to irrigate the banana crop (2.08 to 17.24 mm) influenced by the high rainfall in the first 4 readings corresponding to the months of March and April. A positive regression could be observed between the data obtained from the FDR probe (mm) and the volumetric content.Regarding the depths, significant differences can be observed according to the multiple range analysis, in which the wet zone with an average of 21.717% a is greater than the dry one with a value of 16.085% b, in terms of depth The first 30 cm of soils are different, the stratum of 10 cm with a letter d is equal to the strata of 60 and 70 cm, followed by the stratum of 20 cm which is the only one as well as the 50 cm different from the rest of strata with letter b, the depths of 30 and 40 cm are equal with a letter designation a, considering in banana soils inceptisols and entismos orenses, the stratum of 20cm possesses crusting and compaction that increases runoff and reduces permeability.